Title

Upper Gastrointestinal Perforations: A Possible Danger of Antibiotic Overuse

UMMS Affiliation

Department of Surgery; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences; Center for Microbiome Research; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems

Publication Date

2019-12-16

Document Type

Article

Disciplines

Digestive System | Gastroenterology | Microbiology | Surgery | Therapeutics | Translational Medical Research

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The role of changes in gut microflora on upper gastrointestinal (UGI) perforations is not known. We conducted a retrospective case-control study to examine the relationship between antibiotic exposure-a proxy for microbiome modulation-and UGI perforations in a national sample.

METHODS: We queried a 5% random sample of Medicare (2009-2013) to identify patients > /= 65 years old hospitalized with UGI (stomach or small intestine) perforations using International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes. Cases with UGI perforations were matched with 4 controls, each based on age and sex. Exposure to outpatient antibiotics (0-30, 31-60, 61-90 days) prior to case patients' index hospitalization admission data was determined with Part D claims. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of antibiotic exposure on UGI perforation.

RESULTS: Overall, 504 cases and 2016 matched controls were identified. Compared to controls, more cases had antibiotic exposure 0-30 days (19% vs. 3%, p < 0.001) and 31-60 days (5% vs. 2%, p < 0.001) prior to admission. In adjusted analyses, antibiotic exposure 0-30 days prior to admission was associated with 6.8 increased odds of an UGI perforation (95% CI 4.8, 9.8); 31-60 days was associated with 1.9 increased odds (95% CI 1.1, 3.3); and 61-90 days was associated with 3.7 increased odds (95% CI 2.0, 6.9).

CONCLUSIONS: Recent outpatient antibiotic use, in particular in the preceding 30 days, is associated with UGI perforation among Medicare beneficiaries. Exposure to antibiotics, one of the most modifiable determinants of the microbiome, should be minimized in the outpatient setting.

Keywords

UMCCTS funding, Antibiotics, Perforations, Upper gastrointestinal

DOI of Published Version

10.1007/s11605-019-04473-w

Source

J Gastrointest Surg. 2019 Dec 16. doi: 10.1007/s11605-019-04473-w. [Epub ahead of print] Link to article on publisher's site

Journal/Book/Conference Title

Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract

Related Resources

Link to Article in PubMed

PubMed ID

31845145

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