Title
What Should We Include in a Cultural Competence Curriculum? An Emerging Formative Evaluation Process to Foster Curriculum Development
UMMS Affiliation
Department of Quantitative Health Sciences
Publication Date
2011-3
Document Type
Article
Subjects
Cultural Competency; Curriculum; Computer-Assisted Instruction; Education, Distance; Program Development
Disciplines
Biostatistics | Epidemiology | Health Services Research | Medical Education
Abstract
PURPOSE: To identify, prioritize, and organize components of a cultural competence curriculum to address disparities in cardiovascular disease.
METHOD: In 2006, four separate nominal group technique sessions were conducted with medical students, residents, community physicians, and academic physicians to generate and prioritize a list of concepts (i.e., ideas) to include in a curriculum. Afterward, 45 educators and researchers organized and prioritized the concepts using a card-sorting exercise. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) and hierarchical cluster analysis produced homogeneous groupings of related concepts and generated a cognitive map. The main outcome measures were the number of cultural competence concepts, their relative ranks, and the cognitive map.
RESULTS: Thirty participants generated 61 concepts; 29 were identified by at least two participants. The cognitive map organized concepts into four clusters, interpreted as (1) patient's cultural background (e.g., information on cultures, habits, values), (2) provider and health care (e.g., clinical skills, awareness of one's bias, patient centeredness, professionalism), communication skills (e.g., history, stereotype avoidance, health disparities epidemiology), (3) cross-culture (e.g., idiomatic expressions, examples of effective communication), and (4) resources to manage cultural diversity (e.g., translator guides, instructions, community resources). The MDS two-dimensional solution demonstrated a good fit (stress = 0.07; R = 0.97).
CONCLUSIONS: A novel, combined approach allowed stakeholders' inputs to identify and cognitively organize critical domains used to guide development of a cultural competence curriculum. Educators may use this approach to develop and organize educational content for their target audiences, especially in ill-defined areas like cultural competence.
Keywords
UMCCTS funding
DOI of Published Version
10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182087314
Source
Acad Med. 2011 Mar;86(3):333-41. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182087314. Link to article on publisher's site
Journal/Book/Conference Title
Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
PubMed ID
21248602
Related Resources
Repository Citation
Crenshaw, Katie; Shewchuk, Richard M.; Qu, Haiyan; Stanton, Lisa J.; Bigby, Judy Ann; Houston, Thomas K.; Allison, Jeroan J.; and Estrada, Carlos A., "What Should We Include in a Cultural Competence Curriculum? An Emerging Formative Evaluation Process to Foster Curriculum Development" (2011). Quantitative Health Sciences Publications and Presentations. 955.
https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/qhs_pp/955
