Title

What Should We Include in a Cultural Competence Curriculum? An Emerging Formative Evaluation Process to Foster Curriculum Development

UMMS Affiliation

Department of Quantitative Health Sciences

Publication Date

2011-3

Document Type

Article

Subjects

Cultural Competency; Curriculum; Computer-Assisted Instruction; Education, Distance; Program Development

Disciplines

Biostatistics | Epidemiology | Health Services Research | Medical Education

Abstract

PURPOSE: To identify, prioritize, and organize components of a cultural competence curriculum to address disparities in cardiovascular disease.

METHOD: In 2006, four separate nominal group technique sessions were conducted with medical students, residents, community physicians, and academic physicians to generate and prioritize a list of concepts (i.e., ideas) to include in a curriculum. Afterward, 45 educators and researchers organized and prioritized the concepts using a card-sorting exercise. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) and hierarchical cluster analysis produced homogeneous groupings of related concepts and generated a cognitive map. The main outcome measures were the number of cultural competence concepts, their relative ranks, and the cognitive map.

RESULTS: Thirty participants generated 61 concepts; 29 were identified by at least two participants. The cognitive map organized concepts into four clusters, interpreted as (1) patient's cultural background (e.g., information on cultures, habits, values), (2) provider and health care (e.g., clinical skills, awareness of one's bias, patient centeredness, professionalism), communication skills (e.g., history, stereotype avoidance, health disparities epidemiology), (3) cross-culture (e.g., idiomatic expressions, examples of effective communication), and (4) resources to manage cultural diversity (e.g., translator guides, instructions, community resources). The MDS two-dimensional solution demonstrated a good fit (stress = 0.07; R = 0.97).

CONCLUSIONS: A novel, combined approach allowed stakeholders' inputs to identify and cognitively organize critical domains used to guide development of a cultural competence curriculum. Educators may use this approach to develop and organize educational content for their target audiences, especially in ill-defined areas like cultural competence.

Keywords

UMCCTS funding

DOI of Published Version

10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182087314

Source

Acad Med. 2011 Mar;86(3):333-41. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182087314. Link to article on publisher's site

Journal/Book/Conference Title

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges

PubMed ID

21248602

Related Resources

Link to Article in PubMed

Link to Full Text

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