Combined effects of smoking and peripheral arterial disease on all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in a Chinese male cohort
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Authors
Luo, YingyiLi, Xiankai
Li, Jue
Wang, Xiaoming
Qiao, Yongxia
Hu, Dayi
Merriam, Philip A.
Ma, Yunsheng
UMass Chan Affiliations
Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive and Behavioral MedicineDocument Type
Journal ArticlePublication Date
2010-03-09Keywords
Behavioral Disciplines and ActivitiesBehavior and Behavior Mechanisms
Community Health and Preventive Medicine
Preventive Medicine
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OBJECTIVE: Smoking is a major risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and PAD is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of smoking and PAD on all-cause and CVD mortality. METHODS: A total of 1979 males 35 years of age or older were enrolled from eight university-affiliated hospitals in Beijing and Shanghai in 2004, with both smoking status and PAD diagnosis obtained, 1712 of them had complete follow-up data. Mortality data were obtained from all participants between December 2007 and February 2008. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate relative risks (RRs) of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality among different groups. RESULTS: At baseline, the average age of participants was 66.98-years-old (SD = 11.57), prevalence of PAD was 24.0% and 65.4% smoked cigarettes. During the 3-year follow-up, all-cause cumulative mortality rates were 27.9% (PAD/smoker), 26.3% (PAD/nonsmoker), 14.1% (no PAD/smoker), and 14.4% (no PAD/nonsmoker) (P < .001), and CVD cumulative mortality rates were 17.8%, 14.9%, 8.1%, and 7.3%, respectively (P < .001). Compared with the no PAD/nonsmoker subjects, adjusted RR from all-cause mortality in the groups of both PAD/smoker, PAD/nonsmoker, and no PAD/smoker were 1.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34-2.64), 1.37 (95% CI, 0.85-2.23), and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.79-1.49), respectively. The adjusted RR from CVD mortality was 2.12 (95% CI, 1.37-3.28), 1.55 (95% CI, 0.84-2.86), and 1.13 (95% CI, 0.74-1.71), respectively. CONCLUSION: PAD is a major determinant of mortality. Smoking did not contribute to mortality in this study. Further research is needed.Source
J Vasc Surg. 2010 Mar;51(3):673-678. Link to article on publisher's siteDOI
10.1016/j.jvs.2009.09.024Permanent Link to this Item
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/44940PubMed ID
20206811Related Resources
Link to Article in PubMedae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1016/j.jvs.2009.09.024