UMass Worcester PRC Publications
UMMS Affiliation
Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine; UMass Worcester Prevention Research Center
Publication Date
2019-06-11
Document Type
Article
Disciplines
Behavioral Medicine | Community Health and Preventive Medicine | Preventive Medicine | Public Health | Therapeutics | Virus Diseases
Abstract
Importance: An estimated 1.1 million individuals in the United States are currently living with HIV, and more than 700000 persons have died of AIDS since the first cases were reported in 1981. In 2017, there were 38281 new diagnoses of HIV infection reported in the United States; 81% of these new diagnoses were among males and 19% were among females. Although treatable, HIV infection has no cure and has significant health consequences.
Objective: To issue a new US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the prevention of HIV infection.
Evidence Review: The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the benefits of PrEP for the prevention of HIV infection with oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate monotherapy or combined tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine and whether the benefits vary by risk group, population subgroup, or regimen or dosing strategy; the diagnostic accuracy of risk assessment tools to identify persons at high risk of HIV acquisition; the rates of adherence to PrEP in primary care settings; the association between adherence and effectiveness of PrEP; and the harms of PrEP when used for HIV prevention.
Findings: The USPSTF found convincing evidence that PrEP is of substantial benefit in decreasing the risk of HIV infection in persons at high risk of HIV acquisition. The USPSTF also found convincing evidence that adherence to PrEP is highly associated with its efficacy in preventing the acquisition of HIV infection; thus, adherence to PrEP is central to realizing its benefit. The USPSTF found adequate evidence that PrEP is associated with small harms, including kidney and gastrointestinal adverse effects. The USPSTF concludes with high certainty that the magnitude of benefit of PrEP with oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based therapy to reduce the risk of acquisition of HIV infection in persons at high risk is substantial.
Conclusions and Recommendation: The USPSTF recommends offering PrEP with effective antiretroviral therapy to persons at high risk of HIV acquisition. (A recommendation).
Keywords
HIV infection, prevention, preexposure prophylaxis
Rights and Permissions
Publisher PDF posted after 6 months as allowed by the publisher's author rights policy at https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/pages/instructions-for-authors#SecDepositingResearchArticlesinApprovedPublicRepositories.
DOI of Published Version
10.1001/jama.2019.6390
Source
JAMA. 2019 Jun 11;321(22):2203-2213. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.6390. Link to article on publisher's site
Journal/Book/Conference Title
JAMA
Related Resources
PubMed ID
31184747
Repository Citation
US Preventive Services Task Force; Owens, Douglas K.; Pbert, Lori; and Wong, John B., "Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement" (2019). UMass Worcester PRC Publications. 128.
https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/prc_pubs/128
Included in
Behavioral Medicine Commons, Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons, Preventive Medicine Commons, Therapeutics Commons, Virus Diseases Commons
Comments
Full list of authors omitted for brevity. For full list see article.