UMMS Affiliation

Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences; Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine; UMass Metabolic Network

Publication Date

2018-05-16

Document Type

Article

Disciplines

Endocrine System Diseases | Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism | Lipids | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases | Pediatrics

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Landmark studies showed that partial clinical remission in new-onset type 1 diabetes is associated with reduced prevalence of long-term complications, but early clinical indicators of this favorable outcome are poorly characterized.

AIM: To determine if there were any differences in lipid parameters, especially LDL-cholesterol, between remitters and non-remitters 4 to 5 years after the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes after controlling for hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, and pubertal status.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A longitudinal retrospective cohort study of 123 subjects of mean age 11.9 +/- 2.9 years, [male 11.7 +/- 2.9 years, (n = 55); female 12.0 +/- 2.9 years, (n = 68), p = 0.60] with type 1 diabetes of 4-5 years duration. Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected at the 4th or 5th year after diagnosis in line with the American Diabetes Association recommendation to initiate screening for complications in children either at the beginning of puberty or 4-5 years after diagnosis. Puberty was defined by Tanner stages II-V. Partial clinical remission was defined by the gold-standard insulin-dose adjusted hemoglobin A1c (IDAA1c) of < /=9.

RESULTS: There were 44 (35.8%) remitters (age 13.0 +/- 2.5y; male 52.3%). Both the total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly lower in remitters compared to non-remitters: LDL-C: 78.8 +/- 28.7 mg/dL vs. 91.6 +/- 26.5 mg/dL, p = 0.023; and total cholesterol: 151.5 +/- 32.6 mg/dL vs. 167.0 +/- 29.6 mg/dL, p = 0.015. Other lipid fractions were similar between the groups. There were no differences between the groups for glycemic control, body mass index z score, thyroid function, celiac disease occurrence, or vitamin D status. A greater number of remitters were in puberty compared to non-remitters (86.4% vs. 60.8%, p = 0.006). LDL-C concentration was similar in prepubertal remitters vs. non-remitters (p = 0.93), but was significantly lower in remitters in puberty compared to non-remitters in puberty (p = 0.018) after adjusting for age and duration of diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS: Children with type 1 diabetes who underwent a honeymoon phase had significantly lower LDL cholesterol 5 years after diagnosis. This early divergence in lipidemia may explain the dichotomy in the prevalence of long-term complication in type 1 diabetes between remitters and non-remitters. It also offers a pathway for targeted lipid monitoring in type 1 diabetes, by establishing non-remission as a non-modifiable risk factor for vascular complication in type 1 diabetes.

Keywords

Type 1 diabetes, lipids, cholesterol, children, puberty

Rights and Permissions

Copyright: © 2018 Nwosu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

DOI of Published Version

10.1371/journal.pone.0196912

Source

PLoS One. 2018 May 16;13(5):e0196912. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196912. eCollection 2018. Link to article on publisher's site

Journal/Book/Conference Title

PloS one

Related Resources

Link to Article in PubMed. Data Availability: Data are available from the University of Massachusetts Medical School’s institutional repository, eScholarship@UMMS at https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/pediatrics_data/6/ or https://doi.org/10.13028/M2FT3K.

PubMed ID

29768449

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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