Title

CAR T-Cell Therapy: Progress and Prospects

UMMS Affiliation

Department of Pediatrics; Horae Gene Therapy Center

Publication Date

2017-04-01

Document Type

Article

Disciplines

Genetics and Genomics | Therapeutics

Abstract

Lentivirus-mediated transduction of autologous T cells with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to confer a desired epitope specificity as a targeted immunotherapy for cancer has been among the first human gene therapy techniques to demonstrate widespread therapeutic efficacy. Other approaches to using gene therapy to enhance antitumor immunity have been less specific and less effective. These have included amplification, marking, and cytokine transduction of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, recombinant virus-based expression of tumor antigens as a tumor vaccine, and transduction of antigen-presenting cells with tumor antigens. Unlike any of those methods, the engineering of CAR T cells combine specific monoclonal antibody gene sequences to confer epitope specificity and other T-cell receptor and activation domains to create a self-contained single vector approach to produce a very specific antitumor response, as is seen with CD19-directed CAR T cells used to treat CD19-expressing B-cell malignancies. Recent success with these therapies is the culmination of a long step-wise iterative process of improvement in the design of CAR vectors. This review aims to summarize this long series of advances in the development of effective CAR vector since their initial development in the 1990s, and to describe emerging approaches to design that promise to enhance and widen the human gene therapy relevance of CAR T-cell therapy in the future.

DOI of Published Version

10.1089/hgtb.2016.153

Source

Hum Gene Ther Methods. 2017 Apr;28(2):61-66. doi: 10.1089/hgtb.2016.153. Link to article on publisher's site

Journal/Book/Conference Title

Human gene therapy methods

Related Resources

Link to Article in PubMed

PubMed ID

28330372

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