Title
A trial of shortened zidovudine regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Perinatal HIV Prevention Trial (Thailand) Investigators
UMMS Affiliation
Department of Pediatrics; New England Newborn Screening Program
Publication Date
2000-10-05
Document Type
Article
Subjects
Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Labor, Obstetric; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy Outcome; Thailand; Zidovudine
Disciplines
Genetics and Genomics | Medical Genetics | Pediatrics
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The optimal duration of zidovudine administration to prevent perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) should be determined to facilitate its use in areas where resources are limited.
METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind equivalence trial of zidovudine starting in the mother at 28 weeks' gestation, with 6 weeks of treatment in the infant (the long-long regimen), which is similar to protocol 076; zidovudine starting at 35 weeks' gestation, with 3 days of treatment in the infant (the short-short regimen); a long-short regimen; and a short-long regimen. The mothers received zidovudine orally during labor. The infants were fed formula and were tested for HIV DNA at 1, 45, 120, and 180 days. After the first interim analysis, the short-short regimen was stopped.
RESULTS: A total of 1437 women were enrolled. At the first interim analysis, the rates of HIV transmission were 4.1 percent for the long-long regimen and 10.5 percent for the short-short regimen (P=0.004). For the entire study period, the transmission rates were 6.5 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 4.1 to 8.9 percent) for the long-long regimen, 4.7 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 to 7.0 percent) for the long-short regimen, and 8.6 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 5.6 to 11.6 percent) for the short-long regimen. The rate of in utero transmission was significantly higher with the two regimens with shorter maternal treatment (5.1 percent) than with the two with longer maternal treatment (1.6 percent).
CONCLUSIONS: The short-short zidovudine regimen is inferior to the long-long regimen and leads to a higher rate of perinatal HIV transmission. The long-short, short-long, and long-long regimens had equivalent efficacy. However, the higher rate of in utero transmission with the short-long regimen suggests that longer treatment of the infant cannot substitute for longer treatment of the mother.
DOI of Published Version
10.1056/NEJM200010053431401
Source
N Engl J Med. 2000 Oct 5;343(14):982-91. Link to article on publisher's site
Journal/Book/Conference Title
The New England journal of medicine
Related Resources
PubMed ID
11018164
Repository Citation
Lallemant, Marc; Jourdain, Gonzague; Le Coeur, Sophie; Kim, Soyeon; Koetsawang, Suporn; Comeau, Anne Marie; Phoolcharoen, Wiput; Essex, Max; McIntosh, Kenneth; and Vithayasai, Vicharn, "A trial of shortened zidovudine regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Perinatal HIV Prevention Trial (Thailand) Investigators" (2000). Genetics. 2.
https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/peds_genetics/2