UMMS Affiliation
Department of Neurology; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences
Publication Date
2019-01-30
Document Type
Article
Disciplines
Nervous System Diseases | Neurology
Abstract
Epileptic seizures (ES) and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) can be difficult to differentiate from each other in the emergency department (ED) setting. We have previously shown that the anion gap (AG) can help differentiate between ES and PNES in the ED. In this study, we explored whether additionally considering leukocytosis can help better differentiate between ES and PNES. We screened a total of 1354 subjects seen in the ED of a tertiary care medical center; 27 PNES and 27 ES patients were identified based on clinical description and subsequent electroencephalography (EEG). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to model the association between ES, leukocytosis, and AG. Our results indicated that within 9 hours after the index event, serum AG (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.07) and white blood cell (WBC) count (aOR 1.61) were both independently associated with ES. We derived an equation to help differentiate between ES and PNES: 1.5*AG+WBC. A score > 24.8 indicated a > 90% likelihood of ES. A score < 15.5 indicated a < 10% likelihood of ES (ie, the alternate diagnosis of PNES should be considered). This study for the first time provides evidence to help differentiate PNES and ES utilizing acidosis and leukocytosis.
Keywords
acidosis, anion gap, leukocytosis, nonepileptic seizure, seizure
Rights and Permissions
© 2019 The Authors.. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
DOI of Published Version
10.1002/epi4.12301
Source
Epilepsia Open. 2019 Jan 30;4(1):210-215. doi: 10.1002/epi4.12301. eCollection 2019 Mar. Link to article on publisher's site
Journal/Book/Conference Title
Epilepsia open
Related Resources
PubMed ID
30868134
Repository Citation
Li Y, Matzka L, Flahive J, Weber D. (2019). Potential use of leukocytosis and anion gap elevation in differentiating psychogenic nonepileptic seizures from epileptic seizures. Open Access Articles. https://doi.org/10.1002/epi4.12301. Retrieved from https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/oapubs/3790
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.