A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 9 Domain (ADAM9) Is a Major Susceptibility Factor in the Early Stages of Encephalomyocarditis Virus Infection
Authors
Bazzone, Lindsey E.King, Michael
MacKay, Christopher R.
Kyawe, Pyae Phyo
Meraner, Paul
Lindstrom, Daniel
Rojas-Quintero, Joselyn
Owen, Caroline A.
Wang, Jennifer P.
Brass, Abraham L.
Kurt-Jones, Evelyn A.
Finberg, Robert W.
UMass Chan Affiliations
Department of Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyProgram in Innate Immunity
Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology
Document Type
Journal ArticlePublication Date
2019-02-05Keywords
a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 9 domain (ADAM9)encephalomyocarditis virus
functional genomic screen
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Enzymes and Coenzymes
Immunology and Infectious Disease
Virology
Virus Diseases
Viruses
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Show full item recordAbstract
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is a picornavirus that produces lytic infections in murine and human cells. Employing a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen to find host factors required for EMCV infection, we identified a role for ADAM9 in EMCV infection. CRISPR-mediated deletion of ADAM9 in multiple human cell lines rendered the cells highly resistant to EMCV infection and cell death. Primary fibroblasts from ADAM9 KO mice were also strongly resistant to EMCV infection and cell death. In contrast, ADAM9 KO and WT cells were equally susceptible to infection with other viruses, including the picornavirus Coxsackie virus B. ADAM9 KO cells failed to produce viral progeny when incubated with EMCV. However, bypassing EMCV entry into cells through delivery of viral RNA directly to the cytosol yielded infectious EMCV virions from ADAM9 KO cells, suggesting that ADAM9 is not required for EMCV replication post-entry. These findings establish that ADAM9 is required for the early stage of EMCV infection, likely for virus entry or viral genome delivery to the cytosol. IMPORTANCE Viral myocarditis is a leading cause of death in the United States, contributing to numerous unexplained deaths in people < /=35 years old. Enteroviruses contribute to many cases of human myocarditis. Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection causes viral myocarditis in rodent models, but its receptor requirements have not been fully identified. CRISPR-Cas9 screens can identify host dependency factors essential for EMCV infection and enhance our understanding of key events that follow viral infection, potentially leading to new strategies for preventing viral myocarditis. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 screen, we identified a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 9 domain (ADAM9) as a major factor required for the early stages of EMCV infection in both human and murine infection.Source
MBio. 2019 Feb 5;10(1). pii: mBio.02734-18. doi: 10.1128/mBio.02734-18. Link to article on publisher's site
DOI
10.1128/mBio.02734-18Permanent Link to this Item
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/40954PubMed ID
30723129Related Resources
Rights
Copyright © 2019 Bazzone et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.Distribution License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1128/mBio.02734-18
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Copyright © 2019 Bazzone et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.