UMMS Affiliation
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program
Publication Date
2017-02-17
Document Type
Article
Disciplines
Biochemistry | Cell Biology | Genetics | Molecular Biology
Abstract
Faithful duplication of the genome is a challenge because DNA is susceptible to damage by a number of intrinsic and extrinsic genotoxins, such as free radicals and UV light. Cells activate the intra-S checkpoint in response to damage during S phase to protect genomic integrity and ensure replication fidelity. The checkpoint prevents genomic instability mainly by regulating origin firing, fork progression, and transcription of G1/S genes in response to DNA damage. Several studies hint that regulation of forks is perhaps the most critical function of the intra-S checkpoint. However, the exact role of the checkpoint at replication forks has remained elusive and controversial. Is the checkpoint required for fork stability, or fork restart, or to prevent fork reversal or fork collapse, or activate repair at replication forks? What are the factors that the checkpoint targets at stalled replication forks? In this review, we will discuss the various pathways activated by the intra-S checkpoint in response to damage to prevent genomic instability.
Keywords
ATR, Chk1, DNA damage, fork stability, intra-S checkpoint, origin regulation
Rights and Permissions
Copyright © 2017 by the authors.
DOI of Published Version
10.3390/genes8020074
Source
Genes (Basel). 2017 Feb 17;8(2). pii: E74. doi: 10.3390/genes8020074. Link to article on publisher's site
Journal/Book/Conference Title
Genes
Related Resources
PubMed ID
28218681
Repository Citation
Iyer, Divya Ramalingam and Rhind, Nicholas R., "The Intra-S Checkpoint Responses to DNA Damage" (2017). Open Access Articles. 3091.
https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/oapubs/3091
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.