UMMS Affiliation
School of Medicine
Publication Date
2016-01-17
Document Type
Article
Disciplines
Cardiovascular Diseases | Immune System Diseases | Virus Diseases
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed the clinical profile of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from an acute infection with a high mortality into a treatable, chronic disease. As a result, the clinical sequelae of HIV infection are changing as patients live longer. HIV-associated cardiomyopathy (HIVAC) is a stage IV, HIV-defining illness and remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected individuals despite ART. Causes and clinical manifestations of HIVAC depend on the degree of host immunosuppression. Myocarditis from direct HIV toxicity, opportunistic infections, and nutritional deficiencies are implicated in causing HIVAC when HIV viral replication is unchecked, whereas cardiac autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, and ART cardiotoxicity contribute to HIVAC in individuals with suppressed viral loads. The initiation of ART has dramatically changed the clinical manifestation of HIVAC in high income countries from one of severe, left ventricular systolic dysfunction to a pattern of subclinical cardiac dysfunction characterized by abnormal diastolic function and strain. In low and middle income countries, however, HIVAC is the most common HIV-associated cardiovascular disease. Clear diagnostic and treatment guidelines for HIVAC are currently lacking but should be prioritized given the global burden of HIVAC.
Rights and Permissions
Copyright © 2016 R. H. Lumsden and G. S. Bloomfield. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DOI of Published Version
10.1155/2016/8196560
Source
Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:8196560. doi: 10.1155/2016/8196560. Epub 2016 Jan 17. Link to article on publisher's site
Journal/Book/Conference Title
BioMed research international
Related Resources
PubMed ID
26885518
Repository Citation
Lumsden, Rebecca H. and Bloomfield, Gerald S., "The Causes of HIV-Associated Cardiomyopathy: A Tale of Two Worlds" (2016). Open Access Articles. 2769.
https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/oapubs/2769
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Comments
First author Rebecca H. Lumsden is a medical student at UMass Medical School.