UMMS Affiliation
Program in Molecular Medicine
Publication Date
1-30-2014
Document Type
Article
Subjects
Cyclophilin A; DNA, Complementary; HIV Core Protein p24; HIV-1; HeLa Cells; *Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Protein Binding; *Reverse Transcription; *Transduction, Genetic; Virus Integration
Disciplines
Genetics and Genomics | Infectious Disease | Molecular Biology | Virology | Virus Diseases
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The human peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Cyclophilin A (CypA) binds HIV-1 capsid (CA) and influences early steps in the HIV-1 replication cycle. The mechanism by which CypA regulates HIV-1 transduction efficiency is unknown. Disruption of CypA binding to CA, either by genetic means or by the competitive inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA), reduces the efficiency of HIV-1 transduction in some cells but not in others. Transduction of certain cell types increases significantly when CypA binding to particular HIV-1 CA mutants, i.e., A92E, is prevented. Previous studies have suggested that this cell type-specific effect is due to a dominant-acting, CypA-dependent restriction factor.
RESULTS: Here we investigated the mechanism by which CypA regulates HIV-1 transduction efficiency using 27 different human cell lines, 32 HeLa subclones, and several previously characterized HIV-1 CA mutants. Disruption of CypA binding to wild-type CA, or to any of the mutant CAs, caused a decrease in HIV-1 reverse transcription in all the cell lines analyzed here. This block to reverse transcription, though, did not correlate with cell type-specific effects on transduction efficiency. The level of 2-LTR circles, a marker for nuclear transport of the viral cDNA that results from reverse transcription, correlated closely with effects on infectivity. No correlation was observed between the cell type-specific effects on infectivity and the steady-state CypA protein levels in these cells. Instead, as indicated by a fate-of-capsid assay, CsA released the HIV-1 CA core from an apparent state of hyperstabilization, in a cell type-specific manner.
CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that, while CypA promotes reverse transcription under all conditions tested here, its effect on HIV-1 infectivity correlates more closely with effects on nuclear entry of the viral cDNA. The data also support the hypothesis that a cell-type specific CypA-dependent restriction factor blocks HIV-1 replication by delaying CA core uncoating and hindering nuclear entry.
Rights and Permissions
© 2014 De Iaco and Luban; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DOI of Published Version
10.1186/1742-4690-11-11
Source
Retrovirology. 2014 Jan 30;11:11. doi: 10.1186/1742-4690-11-11. Link to article on publisher's site
Journal/Book/Conference Title
Retrovirology
Related Resources
PubMed ID
24479545
Repository Citation
De Iaco, Alberto and Luban, Jeremy, "Cyclophilin A promotes HIV-1 reverse transcription but its effect on transduction correlates best with its effect on nuclear entry of viral cDNA" (2014). Open Access Articles. 2416.
https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/oapubs/2416
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Genetics and Genomics Commons, Infectious Disease Commons, Molecular Biology Commons, Virology Commons, Virus Diseases Commons