Title
Cytokines and alcohol
UMMS Affiliation
Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology ;Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Division
Publication Date
2006-04-01
Document Type
Article
Subjects
Alcoholism; Animals; Brain; Cytokines; Ethanol; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic; Lung Diseases; Monocytes; Th1 Cells; Th2 Cells; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Disciplines
Gastroenterology | Hepatology
Abstract
Cytokines are multifunctional proteins that play a critical role in cellular communication and activation. Cytokines have been classified as being proinflammatory (T helper 1, Th1) or anti-inflammatory (T helper 2, Th2) depending on their effects on the immune system. However, cytokines impact a variety of tissues in a complex manner that regulates inflammation, cell death, and cell proliferation and migration as well as healing mechanisms. Ethanol (alcohol) is known to alter cytokine levels in a variety of tissues including plasma, lung, liver, and brain. Studies on human monocyte responses to pathogens reveal ethanol disruption of cytokine production depending upon the pathogen and duration of alcohol consumption, with multiple pathogens and chronic ethanol promoting inflammatory cytokine production. In lung, cytokine production is disrupted by ethanol exacerbating respiratory distress syndrome with greatly increased expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta). Alcoholic liver disease involves an inflammatory hepatitis and an exaggerated Th1 response with increases in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). Recent studies suggest that the transition from Th1 to Th2 cytokines contribute to hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Cytokines affect the brain and likely contribute to changes in the central nervous system that contribute to long-term changes in behavior and neurodegeneration. Together these studies suggest that ethanol disruption of cytokines and inflammation contribute in multiple ways to a diversity of alcoholic pathologies.
DOI of Published Version
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00084.x
Source
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2006 Apr;30(4):720-30. Link to article on publisher's site
Journal/Book/Conference Title
Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research
Related Resources
PubMed ID
16573591
Repository Citation
Crews FT, Bechara R, Brown L, Guidot DM, Mandrekar P, Oak S, Qin L, Szabo G, Wheeler M, Zou J. (2006). Cytokines and alcohol. Gastroenterology Publications. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00084.x. Retrieved from https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gastroenterology_pp/50