Determinants of survival and major amputation after peripheral endovascular intervention for critical limb ischemia
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Authors
Vierthaler, LukeCallas, Peter W.
Goodney, Philip P.
Schanzer, Andres
Patel, Virendra I.
Cronenwett, Jack L.
Bertges, Daniel J.
Vascular Study Group of New England
UMass Chan Affiliations
Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular SurgeryDocument Type
Journal ArticlePublication Date
2015-09-01Keywords
AgedAged, 80 and over
*Amputation
Chi-Square Distribution
Critical Illness
Disease-Free Survival
*Endovascular Procedures
Female
Humans
Ischemia
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Limb Salvage
Male
Multivariate Analysis
New England
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Proportional Hazards Models
Protective Factors
Registries
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Time Factors
Treatment Outcome
Surgery
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OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to analyze periprocedural and 1-year outcomes of peripheral endovascular intervention (PVI) for critical limb ischemia (CLI). METHODS: We reviewed 1244 patients undergoing 1414 PVIs for CLI (rest pain, 29%; tissue loss, 71%) within the Vascular Study Group of New England (VSGNE) from January 2010 to December 2011. Overall survival (OS), amputation-free survival (AFS), and freedom from major amputation at 1 year were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: The number of arteries treated during each procedure were 1 (49%), 2 (35%), 3 (12%), and > /=4 (5%). Target arterial segments and TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus classifications were aortoiliac, 27% (A, 48%; B, 28%; C, 12%; and D, 12%); femoral-popliteal, 48% (A, 29%; B, 34%; C, 20%; and D, 17%); and infrapopliteal, 25% (A, 17%; B, 14%; C, 25%; D, 44%). Technical success was 92%. Complications included access site hematoma (5.0%), occlusion (0.3%), and distal embolization (2.4%). Mortality and major amputation rates were 2.8% and 2.2% at 30 days, respectively. Overall percutaneous or open reintervention rate was 8.0% during the first year. At 1-year, OS, AFS, and freedom from major amputation were 87%, 87%, and 94% for patients with rest pain and 80%, 71%, and 81% for patients with tissue loss. Independent predictors of reduced 1-year OS (C index = .74) included dialysis (HR, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.8-5.1; P < .01), emergency procedure (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.0-6.2; P = .05), age > 80 years (HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.7-2.8; P < .01), not living at home preoperatively (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4-2.8; P < .01), creatinine > 1.8 mg/dL (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3-2.8; P < .01), congestive heart failure (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3-2.2; P < .01), and chronic beta-blocker use (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0-1.9; P = .03), whereas independent preoperative ambulation (HR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.9; P = .014) was protective. Independent predictors of major amputation (C index = .69) at 1 year included dialysis (HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.6-4.5; P < .01), tissue loss (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.7; P = .02), prior major contralateral amputation (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5; P = .02), non-Caucasian race (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.9; P = .045), and male gender (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.6; P = .03), whereas smoking (HR, .60; 95% CI, 0.4-1.0; P = .042) was protective. CONCLUSIONS: Survival and major amputation after PVI for CLI are associated with different patient characteristics. Dialysis dependence is a common predictor that portends especially poor outcomes. These data may facilitate efforts to improve patient selection and, after further validation, enable risk-adjusted outcome reporting for CLI patients undergoing PVI.Source
J Vasc Surg. 2015 Sep;62(3):655-64.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.04.391. Epub 2015 Jul 26. Link to article on publisher's siteDOI
10.1016/j.jvs.2015.04.391Permanent Link to this Item
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/30662PubMed ID
26215708Related Resources
Link to Article in PubMedae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1016/j.jvs.2015.04.391