University of Massachusetts Medical School Faculty Publications
UMMS Affiliation
Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems
Publication Date
2013-07-31
Document Type
Article
Disciplines
Allergy and Immunology | Cellular and Molecular Physiology | Digestive System Diseases | Immunity | Immunology and Infectious Disease | Immunopathology | Pathogenic Microbiology
Abstract
The human intestine is a large and delicately balanced organ, responsible for efficiently absorbing nutrients and selectively eliminating disease-causing pathogens. The gut architecture consists of a single layer of epithelial cells that forms a barrier against the food antigens and resident microbiota within the lumen. This barrier is augmented by a thick layer of mucus on the luminal side and an underlying lamina propria containing a resident population of immune cells. Attempted breaches of the intestinal barrier by pathogenic bacteria result in the rapid induction of a coordinated innate immune response that includes release of antimicrobial peptides, activation of pattern recognition receptors, and recruitment of various immune cells. In recent years, the role of epithelial cells in initiating this immune response has been increasingly appreciated. In particular, epithelial cells are responsible for the release of a variety of factors that attract neutrophils, the body's trained bacterial killers. In this review we will highlight recent research that details a new understanding of how epithelial cells directionally secrete specific compounds at distinct stages of the inflammatory response in order to coordinate the immune response to intestinal microbes. In addition to their importance during the response to infection, evidence suggests that dysregulation of these pathways may contribute to pathologic inflammation during inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, a continued understanding of the mechanisms by which epithelial cells control neutrophil migration into the intestine will have tremendous benefits in both the understanding of biological processes and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
Keywords
hepoxilin, eicosanoids, neutrophil migration, Salmonella, intestinal inflammation, lipoxygenase, MRP2, lipid chemoattractant
DOI of Published Version
10.3389/fimmu.2013.00220
Source
Front Immunol. 2013 Jul 31;4:220. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00220. eCollection 2013. Link to article on publisher's site
Related Resources
Journal/Book/Conference Title
Frontiers in immunology
PubMed ID
23914188
Repository Citation
Szabady, Rose L. and McCormick, Beth A., "Control of neutrophil inflammation at mucosal surfaces by secreted epithelial products" (2013). University of Massachusetts Medical School Faculty Publications. 498.
https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/faculty_pubs/498
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Included in
Allergy and Immunology Commons, Cellular and Molecular Physiology Commons, Digestive System Diseases Commons, Immunity Commons, Immunopathology Commons, Pathogenic Microbiology Commons