University of Massachusetts Medical School Faculty Publications
Title
All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality Rates in Postmenopausal White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian Women With and Without Diabetes in the United States: The Women's Health Initiative, 1993-2009
UMMS Affiliation
Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine; Department of Medicine, Division of Cadiovascular Medicine
Publication Date
2013-11-15
Document Type
Article
Subjects
Cardiovascular Diseases; Continental Population Groups; Diabetes Mellitus; Neoplasms; Postmenopause
Disciplines
Cardiology | Cardiovascular Diseases | Community Health and Preventive Medicine | Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism | Epidemiology | Neoplasms | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases | Women's Health
Abstract
Using data from the Women's Health Initiative (1993-2009; n = 158,833 participants, of whom 84.1% were white, 9.2% were black, 4.1% were Hispanic, and 2.6% were Asian), we compared all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality rates in white, black, Hispanic, and Asian postmenopausal women with and without diabetes. Cox proportional hazard models were used for the comparison from which hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed. Within each racial/ethnic subgroup, women with diabetes had an approximately 2-3 times higher risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality than did those without diabetes. However, the hazard ratios for mortality outcomes were not significantly different between racial/ethnic subgroups. Population attributable risk percentages (PARPs) take into account both the prevalence of diabetes and hazard ratios. For all-cause mortality, whites had the lowest PARP (11.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 10.1, 12.1), followed by Asians (12.9, 95% CI: 4.7, 20.9), blacks (19.4, 95% CI: 15.0, 23.7), and Hispanics (23.2, 95% CI: 14.8, 31.2). To our knowledge, the present study is the first to show that hazard ratios for mortality outcomes were not significantly different between racial/ethnic subgroups when stratified by diabetes status. Because of the "amplifying" effect of diabetes prevalence, efforts to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in the rate of death from diabetes should focus on prevention of diabetes.
Keywords
UMCCTS funding
DOI of Published Version
10.1093/aje/kwt177
Source
Ma Y, Hébert JR, Balasubramanian R, Wedick NM, Howard BV, Rosal MC, Liu S, Bird CE, Olendzki BC, Ockene JK, Wactawski-Wende J, Phillips LS, Lamonte MJ, Schneider KL, Garcia L, Ockene IS, Merriam PA, Sepavich DM, Mackey RH, Johnson KC, Manson JE. All-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality rates in postmenopausal white, black, Hispanic, and Asian women with and without diabetes in the United States: the Women's Health Initiative, 1993-2009. Am J Epidemiol. 2013 Nov 15;178(10):1533-41. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwt177. Link to article on publisher's site
Related Resources
Journal/Book/Conference Title
American journal of epidemiology
PubMed ID
24045960
Repository Citation
Ma Y, Hebert JR, Balasubramanian R, Wedick NM, Howard BV, Rosal MC, Liu S, Bird CE, Olendzki BC, Ockene JK, Wactawski-Wende J, Phillips LS, Lamonte MJ, Schneider KL, Garcia L, Ockene IS, Merriam PA, Sepavich DM, Mackey RH, Johnson KC, Manson JE. (2013). All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality Rates in Postmenopausal White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian Women With and Without Diabetes in the United States: The Women's Health Initiative, 1993-2009. University of Massachusetts Medical School Faculty Publications. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt177. Retrieved from https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/faculty_pubs/262