Title

Design, synthesis, and biological and structural evaluations of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors to combat drug resistance

UMMS Affiliation

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology

Publication Date

2012-07-26

Document Type

Article

Subjects

Drug Design; Drug Resistance, Viral; HIV Protease; HIV Protease Inhibitors; HIV-1

Disciplines

Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology | Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health

Abstract

A series of new HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PIs) were designed using a general strategy that combines computational structure-based design with substrate-envelope constraints. The PIs incorporate various alcohol-derived P2 carbamates with acyclic and cyclic heteroatomic functionalities into the (R)-hydroxyethylamine isostere. Most of the new PIs show potent binding affinities against wild-type HIV-1 protease and three multidrug resistant (MDR) variants. In particular, inhibitors containing the 2,2-dichloroacetamide, pyrrolidinone, imidazolidinone, and oxazolidinone moieties at P2 are the most potent with K(i) values in the picomolar range. Several new PIs exhibit nanomolar antiviral potencies against patient-derived wild-type viruses from HIV-1 clades A, B, and C and two MDR variants. Crystal structure analyses of four potent inhibitors revealed that carbonyl groups of the new P2 moieties promote extensive hydrogen bond interactions with the invariant Asp29 residue of the protease. These structure-activity relationship findings can be utilized to design new PIs with enhanced enzyme inhibitory and antiviral potencies.

DOI of Published Version

10.1021/jm300238h

Source

J Med Chem. 2012 Jul 26;55(14):6328-41. Epub 2012 Jul 13. Link to article on publisher's site

Journal/Book/Conference Title

Journal of medicinal chemistry

Related Resources

Link to Article in PubMed

PubMed ID

22708897

Link to Full Text

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