Title
Extreme Entropy-Enthalpy Compensation in a Drug-Resistant Variant of HIV-1 Protease
UMMS Affiliation
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
Publication Date
2012-09-21
Document Type
Article
Subjects
Drug Design; Drug Resistance, Viral; HIV Protease; HIV Protease Inhibitors; HIV-1
Disciplines
Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology | Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health
Abstract
The development of HIV-1 protease inhibitors has been the historic paradigm of rational structure-based drug design, where structural and thermodynamic analyses have assisted in the discovery of novel inhibitors. While the total enthalpy and entropy change upon binding determine the affinity, often the thermodynamics are considered in terms of inhibitor properties only. In the current study, profound changes are observed in the binding thermodynamics of a drug-resistant variant compared to wild-type HIV-1 protease, irrespective of the inhibitor bound. This variant (Flap+) has a combination of flap and active site mutations and exhibits extremely large entropy-enthalpy compensation compared to wild-type protease, 5-15 kcal/mol, while losing only 1-3 kcal/mol in total binding free energy for any of six FDA-approved inhibitors. Although entropy-enthalpy compensation has been previously observed for a variety of systems, never have changes of this magnitude been reported. The co-crystal structures of Flap+ protease with four of the inhibitors were determined and compared with complexes of both the wild-type protease and another drug-resistant variant that does not exhibit this energetic compensation. Structural changes conserved across the Flap+ complexes, which are more pronounced for the flaps covering the active site, likely contribute to the thermodynamic compensation. The finding that drug-resistant mutations can profoundly modulate the relative thermodynamic properties of a therapeutic target independent of the inhibitor presents a new challenge for rational drug design.
DOI of Published Version
10.1021/cb300191k
Source
ACS Chem Biol. 2012 Sep 21;7(9):1536-46. Epub 2012 Jul 2. Link to article on publisher's site
Journal/Book/Conference Title
ACS chemical biology
Related Resources
PubMed ID
22712830
Repository Citation
King NM, Prabu-Jeyabalan M, Bandaranayake RM, Nalam MN, Nalivaika EA, Ozen A, Haliloglu T, Yilmaz NK, Schiffer CA. (2012). Extreme Entropy-Enthalpy Compensation in a Drug-Resistant Variant of HIV-1 Protease. Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Publications. https://doi.org/10.1021/cb300191k. Retrieved from https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/bmp_pp/146
Comments
Co-author Aysegul Ozen is a student in the Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology program in the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS) at UMass Medical School.