Self-reported data from patients with bipolar disorder: frequency of brief depression
Name:
Publisher version
View Source
Access full-text PDFOpen Access
View Source
Check access options
Check access options
Authors
Bauer, MichaelGlenn, Tasha
Grof, Paul
Pfennig, Andrea
Rasgon, Natalie L.
Marsh, Wendy K.
Munoz, Rodrigo A.
Sagduyu, Kemal
Alda, Martin
Quiroz, Danilo
Sasse, Johanna
Whybrow, Peter C.
UMass Chan Affiliations
Department of PsychiatryDocument Type
Journal ArticlePublication Date
2007-08-01Keywords
AdultBipolar Disorder
Cross-Sectional Studies
Depression
Female
Humans
Male
Medical Records
Middle Aged
Recurrence
Software
Statistics as Topic
Mental and Social Health
Psychiatry
Psychiatry and Psychology
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Patients with bipolar disorder often report depressive symptoms that do not meet the DSM-IV criteria for an episode. Using daily self-reported mood ratings, we studied how changing the length requirement to that typical of recurrent brief depression (2-4 days) would impact the number of depressed episodes. METHOD: 203 patients (135 bipolar I and 68 bipolar II by DSM-IV criteria) recorded mood daily using ChronoRecord software on a home computer (30,348 total days; mean 150 days). Episodes of depression and days of depression outside of episodes were determined. Symptom intensity (mild versus moderate or severe) was investigated within and outside of depressive episodes. RESULTS: Decreasing the minimum duration criterion for an episode of depression to 2 days increased the number of patients with a depressed episode two and a half times (52 to 131), and quadrupled both the number of depressed episodes per patient (0.62 to 2.88) and the number of depressed episodes for all patients (125 to 584). With a 2-day episode length, 34% of days of depression remained outside an episode. The ratio of days with severe symptoms within episodes remained consistent (about 25%) in spite of decreasing the episode length to 2 days. Considering only days with severe symptoms, about 25% remained outside of episodes even with a 2-day length. None of the results distinguished bipolar I from bipolar II disorder. LIMITATIONS: Self-reported data, computer access required, relatively short study length, no control group. CONCLUSION: Brief depressive episodes and single days of depression outside of episodes occur frequently in both bipolar I and bipolar II disorder. Moderate or severe symptoms occur during brief episodes at a ratio similar to that for episodes that meet the DSM-IV criteria.Source
J Affect Disord. 2007 Aug;101(1-3):227-33. Epub 2007 Jan 16. Link to article on publisher's siteDOI
10.1016/j.jad.2006.11.021Permanent Link to this Item
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/46053PubMed ID
17224186Related Resources
Link to Article in PubMedae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1016/j.jad.2006.11.021