Mechanisms of insulin resistance related to white, beige, and brown adipocytes
Name:
Publisher version
View Source
Access full-text PDFOpen Access
View Source
Check access options
Check access options
Authors
Czech, Michael P.UMass Chan Affiliations
Program in Molecular MedicineDocument Type
Journal ArticlePublication Date
2020-04-01Keywords
AdipokinesAdipose tissues
Adrenergic receptors
Bioactive lipids
Glucose tolerance
Lipogenesis
Signaling
Thermogenesis
Uncoupling protein
Cell Biology
Cellular and Molecular Physiology
Endocrine System Diseases
Endocrinology
Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
Lipids
Molecular Biology
Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases
Physiological Processes
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
BACKGROUND: The diminished glucose lowering effect of insulin in obesity, called "insulin resistance," is associated with glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes, and other serious maladies. Many publications on this topic have suggested numerous hypotheses on the molecular and cellular disruptions that contribute to the syndrome. However, significant uncertainty remains on the mechanisms of its initiation and long-term maintenance. SCOPE OF REVIEW: To simplify insulin resistance analysis, this review focuses on the unifying concept that adipose tissue is a central regulator of systemic glucose homeostasis by controlling liver and skeletal muscle metabolism. Key aspects of adipose function related to insulin resistance reviewed are: 1) the modes by which specific adipose tissues control hepatic glucose output and systemic glucose disposal, 2) recently acquired understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these modes of regulation, and 3) the steps in these pathways adversely affected by obesity that cause insulin resistance. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Adipocyte heterogeneity is required to mediate the multiple pathways that control systemic glucose tolerance. White adipocytes specialize in sequestering triglycerides away from the liver, muscle, and other tissues to limit toxicity. In contrast, brown/beige adipocytes are very active in directly taking up glucose in response to beta adrenergic signaling and insulin and enhancing energy expenditure. Nonetheless, white, beige, and brown adipocytes all share the common feature of secreting factors and possibly exosomes that act on distant tissues to control glucose homeostasis. Obesity exerts deleterious effects on each of these adipocyte functions to cause insulin resistance.Source
Czech MP. Mechanisms of insulin resistance related to white, beige, and brown adipocytes. Mol Metab. 2020 Apr;34:27-42. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.12.014. Epub 2020 Jan 7. PMID: 32180558; PMCID: PMC6997501. Link to article on publisher's site
DOI
10.1016/j.molmet.2019.12.014Permanent Link to this Item
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14038/41444PubMed ID
32180558Related Resources
Rights
Copyright 2020 The Author. Published by Elsevier GmbH. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Distribution License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1016/j.molmet.2019.12.014
Scopus Count
Collections
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Copyright 2020 The Author. Published by Elsevier GmbH. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).