Title
Nicotine dependence, motivation to quit, and diagnosis among adult emergency department patients who smoke: a national survey
UMMS Affiliation
Department of Emergency Medicine
Date
8-8-2008
Document Type
Article
Medical Subject Headings
Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Health Behavior; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Neoplasms; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Patient Education as Topic; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Self Efficacy; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder; United States
Disciplines
Emergency Medicine
Abstract
Patients in hospital emergency departments smoke more than the general population. Smoking profiles of these patients have largely been characterized in small, single-institution cohorts. Our objective was to survey adult smokers visiting a sample of U.S. emergency departments, as part of a study examining the efficacy of an educational intervention on physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding tobacco control. A convenience sample of patients in eight academic emergency departments was surveyed from May to July 2006. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older, were every- or some-day smokers, spoke English or Spanish, were able to provide written informed consent, and were not actively psychotic. Descriptive statistics are reported using parametric and nonparametric measures. A total of 1,168 patients were interviewed (mean age = 40.7 years); 46.5% were female, 54.4% were uninsured or had Medicaid, and 29.9% had no usual source of care. Patients smoked a median of 10 cigarettes daily, with a median score on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence of 4, and a median score of 5 on the nine-point contemplation ladder, indicating a desire to quit within 6 months. Smokers with a diagnosis of cardiovascular, respiratory, or malignant disease were more interested in quitting than others (median ladder score = 4 vs. 6, p<.001), were more likely to believe they had a smoking-related illness, and were more likely to believe their emergency department visit was related to smoking. Smokers with a presenting complaint of chest pain or dyspnea were more interested in quitting than others (median ladder score = 4 vs. 6, p = .002). Emergency department patients smoked at moderate amounts, with moderate levels of addiction and interest in quitting. Smokers with tobacco-related diagnoses, or who believed their emergency department visit was related to smoking, were more interested in quitting. These findings suggest that the emergency department visit may provide a teachable moment to reach smokers who have tobacco-related problems.
Rights and Permissions
Citation: Nicotine Tob Res. 2008 Aug;10(8):1277-82. Link to article on publisher's site
Comments
At the time of publication, Edwin Boudreaux was not yet affiliated with the University of Massachusetts Medical School.